A cardiologist's guide to understanding angina

A hand on a chest

Angina is commonly described as an uncomfortable feeling or heaviness, tightness or constriction in the chest, says Professor Stephen Brecker, Mayo Clinic Healthcare cardiologist. Symptoms also may include:

  • Sweating.
  • Shortness of breath.
  • Dizziness.
  • Nausea.
  • Fatigue.
  • Discomfort in the teeth, jaw, neck or back.

Being aware of the symptoms of angina is vital. New or worsening symptoms may signal a heart attack, which requires immediate medical attention, Dr Brecker says. And while many people may think angina affects only older people, it can occur at any age. Professor Brecker notes, "We see many young patients who have developed premature coronary disease or have a familial tendency to high cholesterol."

Lifestyle factors such as obesity, stress, smoking and a lack of exercise elevate risk, Professor Brecker says. A family history of heart disease, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, chronic kidney disease, peripheral artery disease and diabetes are also risk factors.

Diagnosis of angina involves the use of medical imaging and stress tests.

"The vast majority of cases of coronary artery disease can now be treated very effectively," says Professor Brecker. "Even with the most advanced forms of coronary disease, there are now effective treatments to increase blood flow to the heart muscle."

Treatment options range from lifestyle changes to medical interventions. Learn more about Mayo Clinic Healthcare's state-of-the-art cardiology services.